Prostate Cancer
Specialized care for prostate cancer with active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy options.
Prostate Cancer
Solid Tumors
Overview
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Treatment options range from active surveillance for low-risk disease to aggressive multimodal therapy for advanced cases. Decisions are based on cancer stage, Gleason score, PSA levels, patient age, and overall health.
When to Consult
After elevated PSA levels, abnormal digital rectal exam, or confirmed prostate cancer diagnosis.
What to Bring
PSA test results, prostate biopsy reports, imaging scans (MRI, CT), Gleason score, and urological history.
Risk Factors
Causes
Treatment Options
Active Surveillance
Monitoring low-risk prostate cancer with regular PSA tests, digital rectal exams, and periodic biopsies. Appropriate for men with small, slow-growing tumors and low Gleason scores.
Radical Prostatectomy
Surgical removal of the entire prostate gland. Can be done via open surgery, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted techniques. May include lymph node dissection. Nerve-sparing techniques help preserve erectile function.
Radiation Therapy
External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (radioactive seed implantation). Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) offer precise targeting. Often combined with hormone therapy.
Hormone Therapy (ADT)
Androgen deprivation therapy to reduce testosterone levels. Includes LHRH agonists, LHRH antagonists, anti-androgens, or orchiectomy. Used for advanced disease or combined with radiation for intermediate/high-risk cases.
Chemotherapy
Docetaxel-based chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. May be combined with hormone therapy. Cabazitaxel used for disease progression after docetaxel.
Targeted Therapy
PARP inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib) for tumors with specific DNA repair gene mutations. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors target cancer cells with BRCA mutations.
Immunotherapy
Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may be used in selected cases.
Radiopharmaceuticals
Radium-223 (Xofigo) for bone metastases. Lutetium-177 PSMA therapy for PSMA-positive metastatic disease. Targeted radiation to cancer cells.
Cryotherapy
Freezing cancer cells using extremely cold temperatures. Alternative to surgery for localized disease, particularly for recurrent cancer after radiation.
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
Focused ultrasound waves to heat and destroy cancer tissue. Minimally invasive option for localized disease.